The tornado maintained EF5 strength as it struck Hackleburg directly, sweeping away numerous homes, destroying three schools, a Piggly Wiggly grocery store, a shopping center, and a Wrangler Jeans plant, and tossing cars as far as 200 yards (180 m) from where they originated. Patches of scoured grass were also noted on the property. One large brick home along Hayfield Road was swept completely away, with vehicles from the house thrown 150 yards (140 m). As it approached Hackleburg, moving parallel to US 43, the tornado further strengthened to EF5 intensity and widened to 0.75 miles (1.21 km), sweeping away numerous homes along the highway. The tornado reached EF4 strength as it approached US 43. Damage at the beginning of the path ranged from EF1 to EF2. The tornado initially touched down in Marion County, Alabama about 5 miles (8.0 km) west-southwest of Hamilton around 3:05 pm CDT and tracked to the northeast, causing significant tree and roof damage. Tornado summary Tornado track through Alabama and Tennessee Furthermore, convective available potential energy (CAPE) values reached 2,500–3,000 J/kg −1. Ample moisture from the Gulf of Mexico was brought north across the Deep South, leading to daytime high temperatures of 77 to 81 ☏ (25 to 27 ☌) and dewpoints of 66 to 72 ☏ (19 to 22 ☌). A strong southwesterly surface jet intersected these systems at a 60° angle, an ageostrophic flow that led to storm-relative helicity values in excess of 500 m 2s −2-indicative of extreme wind shear and a very high potential for rotating updrafts within supercells. Tornadic activity on April 27 was precipitated by a 995 mbar ( hPa 29.39 inHg) surface low situated over Kentucky and a deep, negatively tilted (aligned northwest to southeast) trough over Arkansas and Louisiana. Multiple episodes of tornadic activity ensued with two waves of mesoscale convective systems in the morning hours followed by a widespread outbreak of supercells from Mississippi to North Carolina during the afternoon into the evening. The multi-day outbreak culminated on April 27 with the most violent day of tornadic activity since the 1974 Super Outbreak. Another 50 tornadoes touched down on this day. An area of low pressure consolidated over Texas on April 26 and traveled east while the aforementioned shortwave trough traversed the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. Ample instability, low-level moisture, and wind shear all fueled a significant tornado outbreak from Texas to Tennessee at least 64 tornadoes touched down on this day. On April 25, a vigorous upper-level shortwave trough moved into the Southern Plains states. The environmental conditions leading up to the 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes ever documented". At the time, it was the deadliest tornado to strike the United States since the 1955 Udall, Kansas, tornado. The tornado killed 72 people, making it the deadliest tornado in Alabama history, and injured at least 145 others. The tornado reached a maximum width of 1.25 miles (2.01 km) and was estimated to have had peak winds of 210 mph (340 km/h). It was the deadliest tornado of the 2011 Super Outbreak, the largest tornado outbreak in United States history. The 2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado was an extremely deadly, violent, and long-tracked EF5 wedge tornado that devastated several towns in rural northern Alabama, before tearing through the northern suburbs of Huntsville and causing damage in rural portions of southern Tennessee on the afternoon and early evening of April 27, 2011. Part of the 2011 Super Outbreak and Tornadoes of 2011 Hackleburg, Phil Campbell, Tanner, Harvest in Alabama and Huntland, Tennessee ( part of a larger outbreak) Poured concrete stem walls were sheared off at ground level at this location.Īpril 27, 2011, 3:05 p.m. Foundation of a house that was swept completely away in Hackleburg.
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